Hepatic viral diseases are commonly referred to as viral hepatitis, which is an infection that causes inflammation in the liver and damages it severely. The liver plays a vital role in processing nutrients, filtration of blood, and immune response against infection. Permanent damage to the liver can cause liver disease that may ultimately lead to liver failure.
According to recent studies, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) are prevalent in South Africa. However, several different viruses cause hepatitis. Some of the major forms of viral hepatitis are:
Hepatitis A: It’s an acute infection that can get better in a few weeks without medications. However, it is important to boost immunity after diagnosing this infection.
Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B is an acute or chronic infection. It is usually a short-term infection, but long-term can create more complications and, most importantly, cause liver cancer or cirrhosis.
Hepatitis C: This type of hepatitis is bloodborne and usually spreads after sharing needles or drug-related equipment.
Hepatitis D: This type of viral infection can be acute and chronic, but it causes severe damage to the liver as compared to other types. Hepatitis D is asymptomatic and is an advanced form of hepatitis B.
Hepatitis E: This type of hepatic viral disease is more common in immunosuppressed individuals and is one of the most common acute viral infections of the liver.
People are mostly unaware that they have hepatitis because of the absence of visible signs and symptoms. Symptoms of acute infection can occur within 2 weeks to 6 months after exposure. However, symptoms of chronic infection can take decades to establish. Some symptoms that can indicate the presence of this viral infection are:
Major causes of hepatic viral diseases are the excess consumption of alcohol, toxins, and medications. However, some genetic disorders can also be the cause of this infection. Sometimes contact with food and water of an infected person can spread this infection.
Unvaccinated or previously infected people are more likely to get the hepatitis virus. Some of the other risk factors include:
Following steps are required to diagnose the presence of this viral. They are:
Physical Examination: A swollen and enlarged liver can be revealed through physical examination.
Blood Test: Will confirm the presence of any of the five viruses that can cause hepatitis. There will be an elevated level of liver enzymes because of the hepatic viruses.
Ultrasound and Biopsy: All these actions are taken to determine the exact damage to the liver.
Recently, the most effective pharmacological therapies include the consumption of interferon, antiviral drugs, and corticosteroids. Moreover, some nucleoside analogues have also shown remarkable results in treating patients with chronic hepatitis. But make sure to consult your doctor before starting any medications.
Most children with hepatitis are asymptomatic; therefore, parents need to wash their hands frequently with soap after using the bathroom and changing diapers. Sanitizing yourself before preparing and eating food can help prevent this infection.