Haemorrhagic viral diseases are a group of infections caused by different viruses that affect multiple organ systems and cause bleeding disorders. These diseases can be severe and life-threatening, with no specific treatments for most of them. For instance:
Recent statics indicated that over 5 to 20 cases of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever are reported annually in South Africa.
Some of the primary medical conditions or symptoms associated with haemorrhagic viral diseases include:
All patients with hemorrhagic viral diseases will experience all these symptoms but the severity of them can vary widely.
Hemorrhagic viral diseases are typically transmitted through contact with infected animals or other infected humans. For instance,
The risk factors for haemorrhagic viral diseases vary depending on the specific virus, the mode of transmission, and the individual’s immune response. However, you may be prone to haemorrhagic viral diseases due to the following factors.
Exposure to Infected Animals: Many haemorrhagic viral diseases are zoonotic, which means they are transmitted to humans from infected animals. People who work with animals, such as farmers and veterinarians, are at increased risk of exposure to these viruses.
Travel to Endemic Areas: Some haemorrhagic viral diseases are more common in certain regions, such as Africa and South America.
Poor Sanitation: Contaminated water or food, such as hepatitis E, can be more common in areas with poor sanitation and increase the risk of Haemorrhagic diseases.
Diagnosing haemorrhagic viral diseases require lab tests, clinical assessments, and imaging studies. Your doctor can also take a PCR test (polymerase chain reaction) to detect viral DNA or RNA in blood or other bodily fluids, providing a more specific diagnosis than other tests.
Not treating a viral disease on time can cause bleeding from multiple sites, leading to anaemia, low blood pressure, and shock. You may also suffer from multiple organ failure.
There are currently no specific antiviral treatments for many haemorrhagic viral diseases, but supportive care can effectively manage symptoms and reduce complications. Some pain medications can be used to manage body aches, headaches, and other symptoms.
Prevention strategies for haemorrhagic viral diseases include avoiding contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids, practising good hygiene, using insect repellent to prevent mosquito bites, and getting vaccinated against some viruses, such as yellow fever.
If you suspect you may have been exposed to a haemorrhagic viral disease, seek medical attention promptly.