Measles is a viral infection that mostly affects children but can also impact adults. Because it’s so contagious, measles spreads quickly from person to person. The effects of this virus can also be quite severe and may even lead to loss of life without timely medical intervention. Fortunately, measles can be prevented with a vaccine, which has greatly reduced outbreaks all over the world since its discovery.
The onset of symptoms usually happens within 10 to 14 days after a child has been exposed to the virus. The first phase of symptoms usually lasts about two to three days, which is followed by the acute phase. First phase symptoms include:
The acute phase is characterized by a rash, which causes small, red, slightly raised spots that first appear on the face, then spread to the arms, chest, back, and down to the lower extremities. Fever can also be higher during the acute phase of the virus, sometimes reaching 40°C or higher. The rash usually lasts about a week, at which time other symptoms will also begin to subside.
In some cases, the effects of measles can become quite severe, particularly in children under the age of five. Possible complications include:
Measles is spread through infectious droplets. These droplets can be breathed in when an infected person talks, coughs, sneezes, or laughs. A person can also be exposed if they handle an object contaminated with infectious droplets, which can survive on surfaces for about two hours.
While there is no treatment for measles, well-timed medical care helps manage symptoms and stops more serious complications from occurring. The best defence against the virus is vaccination, which can prevent symptoms and stop the virus from spreading. Adults who do not have natural immunity from a previous measles infection can also be vaccinated.