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Conditions Caused by
E-Cigarettes and Vaping

The use of e-cigarettes and vapes has greatly increased within the last decade. Additionally, experts predict that these products will continue to grow more popular. While switching to e-cigarettes can help you avoid some of the medical conditions caused by tobacco smoke, vaping comes with health risks of its own.

There are a few main conditions that may be linked to e-cigarettes or vapes:

  • Lipoid pneumonia — This lung disease occurs when fat or oil builds up in the lungs.
  • Collapsed lung (primary spontaneous pneumothorax) — This condition occurs when air leaks out of your lung and into your chest, making it more difficult for your lung to expand.
  • Popcorn lung (bronchiolitis obliterans) — This condition leads to scarring of the air sacs in your lungs and narrowed airways.
  • Cancer — Vaping can increase your risk of lung, oral, and bladder cancers.

Because e-cigarettes have not been around for very long, we may not yet understand all of the possible health risks that come with using these products. It’s possible that, in the future, experts will discover that vaping increases your risk of other health conditions.

Symptoms

If you develop a medical condition while using e-cigarettes, you may experience:

  • Difficulty breathing
  • Ongoing coughing, coughing during exercise, or coughing up mucus or blood
  • Chest pain
  • Wheezing
  • A fast breathing rate
  • Tiredness
  • Skin rashes
  • Fever or night sweats

Causes

E-cigarettes and vaping can damage the lungs in multiple ways.

Lipoid pneumonia develops when you inhale fat or oil products into your lungs. When oil heats up and vaporizes in an e-cigarette, it can enter the lungs.

A collapsed lung can occur when the air sacs in the lungs become damaged and break open, allowing air to be released into the space within the chest.

Popcorn lung has been linked to chemicals such as diacetyl, which is sometimes used as a buttery flavouring in e-cigarettes. Previously, inhaling this chemical caused some cases of popcorn lung among people who worked at a popcorn factory. More research is needed to understand whether breathing in diacetyl found in e-cigarette liquid can also cause this condition.

Diagnosis

Several tests can help diagnose lung problems, including:

  • Chest X-rays
  • Computed tomography (CT scans)
  • Bronchoscopies, in which your doctor sends a thin tube into your airways
  • Arterial blood gas tests, which analyze how much oxygen and carbon dioxide is in your lungs
  • Lung function tests, which measure how well your lungs work to take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
  • Biopsies, which involve removing a small sample of lung tissue

Complications

Lung conditions caused by e-cigarettes may eventually lead to other lung problems. Your lungs may stop working properly (respiratory failure), fluid may build up in the air sacs of your lungs (acute respiratory distress syndrome), or blood may lead into your lungs (diffuse alveolar haemorrhage).

Treatment

If you develop a condition related to e-cigarettes, you will need to stop vaping to help your lungs heal and prevent further damage.

Depending on your condition, you may use treatments such as corticosteroids or oxygen therapy. Your doctor may also recommend an inhaler, which can help deliver medication into your airways.

In some cases, you may need surgery so that your doctor can remove damaged lung tissue.

Prevention

Quitting e-cigarettes can reduce your risk of health problems. You can also protect your lung health by staying away from other chemicals that can damage your lungs. Additionally, avoiding infections can help your lungs continue to work normally, especially if they have been damaged by substances from e-cigarettes. Wash your hands regularly, keep your distance from people who may be sick, and stay up to date with your vaccinations.

 
 
 

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