The brain needs healthy blood flow to function correctly. When the flow of blood in the brain is disrupted, a person is experiencing a cerebrovascular disease. These issues can result from a stroke, haemorrhage, aneurysm, restricted blood flow, narrowed blood vessels, blocked arteries, or the formation of blood clots. All forms of cerebrovascular disease are highly serious and require immediate medical intervention to prevent lifelong complications or even loss of life.
Symptoms typically depend on what part of the brain is affected by cerebrovascular disease and what type of problem is occurring. However, some general symptoms include:
These symptoms constitute a medical emergency. Immediate treatment must be sought to prevent symptoms from worsening and potentially becoming terminal.
If immediate treatment is received, a person can lead a full and fulfilling life after a bout of cerebrovascular disease. However, if treatment is delayed or the condition is particularly severe, the following complications may occur:
In some cases, complications can resolve with treatment and therapy. In others, they may become permanent. In this case, ongoing rehabilitation is needed to help a person adjust.
There are many medical conditions associated with cerebrovascular disease, including:
In terms of risk factors, certain lifestyle habits and medical conditions can increase a person’s risk of experiencing such an issue. Common risk factors include:
Diagnostic testing is key to determining what type of cerebrovascular disease a person is experiencing. For instance, doctors use imaging technology to get a clearer view of the brain and determine what effects have occurred. Medical teams will also assess symptoms and perform a medical exam to see how bodily functions are affected. A person’s previous health history and family background can also be beneficial to making an accurate diagnosis.
Common treatments include surgery and medication to deal with immediate, life-threatening effects. If a complication occurs, a person may require ongoing therapy and rehabilitation. For instance, physical therapy can build up weakened muscles, while occupational therapy teaches a person how to adapt to new limitations.
Not all instances of cerebrovascular disease can be prevented. However, people who lead healthy, active lifestyles tend to have a lower overall risk. This entails eating a wholesome, nutritious diet, partaking in regular exercise, avoiding smoking and excess alcohol consumption, and managing chronic conditions with the help of a doctor.