Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid produces an excess of hormone, which can lead to issues like irregular heartbeat, bowel problems, anxiety, sweating, increased hunger, and other symptoms. Hyperthyroidism treatment can manage these effects and prevent more serious complications from occurring.
Medications are often used to manage overactive thyroids. This includes anti-thyroid drugs, which reduce how much thyroid hormone is produced. Medications called beta blockers are also beneficial for alleviating symptoms (although they do not directly affect thyroid function).
Radioiodine therapy is another option, as this treatment can reduce the size of the thyroid over time. However, radioiodine therapy can contribute to thyroid underactivity, a condition known as hypothyroidism, which means a person may need supplemental hormones to support proper function of the gland.
In the event a person cannot tolerate these treatments, doctors can perform a thyroidectomy, which is a surgical procedure to remove the thyroid. While removal of the thyroid gland prevents overactivity, lifelong hormone replacement therapy is necessary after the procedure. As a result, thyroidectomy is usually reserved for special situations.
When deciding on a treatment for hyperthyroidism, medical staff will consider a range of factors. The severity of symptoms can dictate the best treatment, as can the patient’s current health status. Physicians will also take into account any underlying causes that are contributing to hyperthyroidism, such as autoimmune disorders. The goal of treatment is to find an effective way to manage hyperthyroidism, which usually means trying a conservative approach first before moving on to more advanced treatments.