Also known as De Quervain thyroiditis, subacute granulomatous thyroiditis usually results from a viral infection, often those that affect the upper respiratory system. While most people experience a full recovery from this condition, treatment is needed to manage the discomfort that often accompanies it.
Doctors believe there is a link between viruses and subacute granulomatous thyroiditis. In many instances, the condition presents after a person experiences a viral infection of the throat or sinus cavity. The effects of subacute thyroiditis typically occur in three phases:
Each phase of the condition can vary in duration, but they typically range from several weeks to months.
When subacute thyroiditis is in the thyrotoxic phase, thyroid inflammation can cause significant pain and discomfort in the neck. Other symptoms include:
Problems with hormone production can also cause additional symptoms. An excess of thyroid hormones is associated with symptoms like hair loss, sweating, and changes in mood, while a lack of thyroid hormones can cause weight gain, constipation, and dry skin.
Because most cases of subacute granulomatous thyroiditis resolve on their own, doctors typically focus on managing the discomfort associated with symptoms. In this case, your medical team may recommend an over-the-counter pain reliever, as well as prescription medications like corticosteroids to reduce swelling.
Hormone therapy may be necessary to support bodily functions when symptoms are severe. However, this therapy is usually only provided on a short-term basis. Some people with subacute thyroiditis experience permanent problems producing thyroid hormones, in which case hormone replacement therapy must continue.