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Women’s Infertility and
Reproduction

Infertility is defined as having unprotected sex for one year or more and failing to become pregnant. While it can impact women of all ages, women aged 35 and older often experience issues with conception due to the natural decline of fertility that occurs.  

While infertility can be challenging, there is hope for many women. Modern treatments can greatly improve the chance of conception and enable women to start families as they wish.  

Causes of Infertility in Women 

Human reproduction is a complex process, and issues can occur at each step that decrease the chance of conception. In some instances, reproductive issues are linked to medical disorders and diseases: 

  • Endometriosis – Endometriosis causes uterine tissues to grow in other areas, such as the fallopian tubes, which can lead to obstructions. Endometriosis can also affect reproduction in other ways, such as stopping fertilized eggs from implanting.  
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) – PCOS can cause reproductive issues by affecting the balance of hormones. This imbalance can disrupt ovulation, which can prevent a woman from conceiving.  
  • Uterine Fibroids – Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that sometimes contribute to infertility, such as when they obstruct the fallopian tubes. Fibroids can also stop eggs from successfully implanting in the uterus.  
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) – STDs like gonorrhoea and chlamydia can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated. If the fallopian tubes become scarred by pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility may occur.  

For some women, infertility has no underlying cause. For others, reproductive problems may result from certain risk factors.  

Other Potential Contributors to Infertility 

Women may also encounter issues with reproduction due to the following risk factors: 

  • Age 
  • Being over or underweight 
  • Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption 
  • Having an STD like gonorrhoea or chlamydia  

Fortunately, the risk factors associated with infertility can often be addressed with lifestyle changes.  

Infertility Treatments 

There are certain things women can do to increase their chance of becoming pregnant. This includes avoiding cigarettes and alcohol, mitigating stress, and maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise. If conception is still not successful, doctors may suggest the following treatments: 

Medications 

Fertility drugs can stimulate ovulation by mimicking natural hormones. They can also address things like insulin resistance and abnormal production of certain hormones that may impede ovulation.  

Surgery  

While rare, doctors may also recommend surgery as a treatment for infertility. Surgeries can be used to remove fibroids or clear obstructed fallopian tubes. In some cases, surgery is combined with other infertility treatments.  

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) 

IVF is often recommended to people who experience infertility due to endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and damage to fallopian tubes. It can also benefit women who are unable to conceive due to no identifiable medical cause.  

 
 
 

The content appearing on this site is not intended to treat, diagnose, or provide health care advice. The articles you read here are meant for informational purposes only. Please review additional information to learn more.