Beriberi is a disease caused by a thiamine deficiency (vitamin B1). Thiamine is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of carbohydrates and the proper functioning of the nervous system.
Beriberi is most commonly seen in populations that rely heavily on polished rice as a staple food, as the milling process removes most of the thiamine content from the grain. Alcoholism, malnutrition, and gastrointestinal diseases that impair thiamine absorption can also lead to beriberi.
South Africa has a history of Beriberi outbreaks because of severe thiamine deficiency due to diet and access to thiamine rich foods. Though the symptoms may be different depending on the disease type, some common signs include the following:
Only in severe cases, does beriberi can lead to heart failure, swelling of the legs and feet, and even death.
Generally, beriberi has two main conditions: wet and dry beriberi. Wet beriberi affects people’s cardiovascular system, whereas dry beriberi impacts the nervous system. A deficiency of thiamine in the diet is one of the main causes of beriberi. It is more common in parts of the world where processed; unenriched white rice doesn’t have enough thiamine. Thiamine is mostly found in whole-grain and enriched grain products.
Certain factors can make you prone to develop thiamine deficiency. These may include:
Some blood tests and physical exams are required to measure thiamine levels in the blood.
Your doctor may also ask about your medical history, including dietary or alcohol intake habits.
However, if the disease isn’t diagnosed on time, it can lead to some complications, including:
Treatment for beriberi typically involves thiamine supplementation through oral or injectable forms, depending on the severity of the condition. The dosage and duration of treatment will depend on the individual’s age, weight, and the severity of their symptoms.
In addition to thiamine supplementation, a diet rich in thiamine-containing foods, such as whole grains, legumes, and nuts, can also help prevent and manage beriberi. Prevention of beriberi involves ensuring consumption of a well-balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods to ensure adequate thiamine intake.