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Growth Problems

Growth problems typically refer to conditions or disorders that affect physical growth and development. More than 27 per cent of children in South Africa suffer from various growth problems and are prone to developmental and full growth issues due to cognitive or physical damage.

Most of these irreversible health issues occur due to chronic nutritional deprivation. Some of the common growth problems include:

  • Delayed Growth: When the weight and height of the child are below their average age and group, it is delayed growth. Factors like chronic illnesses, genetic conditions, hormonal imbalances, and nutritional deficiencies can contribute to it.
  • Short Stature: Short stature refers to a condition where a child’s height is significantly below average for their age group, but their growth rate is normal. Genetic factors or chronic illnesses can affect growth hormone production.
  • Overgrowth: Overgrowth is when a child’s height and weight are significantly above average for their age group. Mostly gigantism, hormonal imbalances, or obesity can lead to this problem.
  • Constitutional Growth Delay: This is a temporary delay in growth and puberty. Children with constitutional growth delay often catch up to their peers regarding height and development by the end of adolescence.
  • Growth Hormone Deficiency: This is a condition where the body does not produce enough growth hormone, which can result in delayed growth and short stature.

Symptoms

Children suffering from growth problems experience the following symptoms:

  • Delayed physical growth (short height, weight gain)
  • Delayed puberty (delayed onset of menstruation or delayed growth of facial or body hair)
  • Short stature (height below the 3rd percentile for a child’s age and sex)
  • Small head size (metabolic disorder)
  • Delayed development (delays in reaching developmental milestones)
  • Behavioural and emotional problems (anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem)

Causes

Though malnutrition is the primary cause of growth problems in children, other factors can also play a part.

  • Genetic causes (genetic mutation such as Turner syndrome and growth hormone deficiency)
  • Medical problems (chronic illnesses, kidney diseases, heart issues)
  • Environmental factors (a lack of protein, calories, and essential vitamins and minerals, can lead to stunted growth)

Risk Factors

Most children who are at higher risk of developing growth problems have the following:

  • Genetic disorder
  • Family members who have had delayed growth
  • Systematic disorder

Diagnosis & Complications

Typically, doctors can diagnose a growth problem if a baby is born with abnormalities such as small size. If it is a birth issue, medical professionals diagnose it during regular clinical exams.

Parents need to consult a paediatric specialist and provide a health history and symptoms if they suspect growth problems in their child. Doctors run blood tests and x-rays to look for chromosomal and hormonal issues causing delayed growth.

While growth problems affect the physical growth of the child, they may also cause low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression.

Treatment & Prevention

The treatment and prevention of growth problems will depend on the underlying cause. You can take the following steps to treat growth problems.

  • Consult with a Healthcare Provider

If you or your child is concerned about growth, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider. A doctor can evaluate growth patterns, perform necessary tests, and guide treatment options.

  • Address Underlying Medical Conditions

If a medical condition is causing growth problems, address that condition. For example, if a child has a thyroid disorder, treating the thyroid disorder may help improve growth.

  • Ensure Adequate Nutrition

Proper nutrition is essential for healthy growth. A well-balanced diet that includes protein, carbohydrates, and healthy fats can support growth. Nutritional deficiencies can also contribute to growth problems, it’s important to try to ensure that nutrient needs are met.

If the growth problem isn’t hereditary, regular physical activity can help support growth and development. Exercise can help build strong bones and muscles and promote the release of growth hormones. Physical activity also aids in the prevention of growth problems in the future.

Also, the healthcare provider can help evaluate growth patterns and provide guidance on appropriate treatment or prevention options.

 
 
 

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