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Heart Attacks

A heart attack happens when something blocks the blood flow to your heart. This prevents your heart from getting the oxygen that it needs. This condition is always a medical emergency and requires that you get treatment right away as soon as you experience symptoms. Heart attacks can lead to tissue death in the heart if they are not treated right away.

Symptoms

There are some classic heart attack symptoms that you should be aware of:

  • Discomfort and pressure or heaviness in your chest, arm, or below your breastbone.
  • A sense of squeezing in the chest or under the breastbone.
  • Fullness, indigestion, or even a choking sensation.
  • A feeling like severe heartburn.
  • Sweating
  • Upset stomach and vomiting
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Fast or uneven heartbeat.

Women might experience different symptoms than men if they are having a heart attack. These include:

  • Unusual fatigue.
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Dizziness or light-headedness.
  • Discomfort in the gut.
  • Indigestion.
  • Discomfort in the neck, shoulder, or upper back.

Diabetics can also suffer from so-called “silent heart attacks,” which do not have any symptoms until they have increased in severity.

Causes & Risk Factors

Heart attacks are caused by a lack of oxygen-rich blood getting to the heart. Coronary artery disease can cause this condition, as can fatty plaques in your arteries. A spasm in the coronary artery or blockages to the arteries can also cause heart attacks.

Risk factors for heart attacks are the following:

  • Being aged 45 and older as a man and 55 and older as a woman.
  • Use of tobacco products.
  • High blood pressure.
  • High cholesterol of triglycerides.
  • Being obese.
  • Having diabetes.
  • Having a metabolic syndrome.
  • Eating an unhealthy diet that includes lots of sugar.
  • A family history of heart attacks.
  • Not getting enough exercise.
  • Being stressed on a regular basis.
  • Illegal drug use.
  • Having an autoimmune condition.
  • Having a history of preeclampsia.

Diagnosis

Heart attacks are usually diagnosed in emergency room settings. This is not a condition that is typically recognized during routine care check-ups since it is almost always an emergency. The emergency room care provider will order some tests to verify that you are having a heart attack.

  • ECG or EKG, which are done by taking records of electrical signals as they pass through the heart.
  • Blood tests to look for markers for heart tissue death.
  • Chest x-ray to see what size the heart is and what condition the lungs are in.
  • Echocardiogram, which uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart.
  • Angiogram, which uses a thin tube or catheter inserted in the leg and guided to the heart. This allows your doctor to get an image of the heart.
  • Cardiac CT or MRI, which are done through the use of magnetic fields and radio waves to create images of the heart.

Treatment & Prevention

Treatment of a heart attack can involve a variety of different care strategies depending upon the severity of the heart attack.

  • Aspirin which is used to reduce the chance of blood clots.
  • Clot busters might be given to break up existing clots that have been located during the diagnosis phase.
  • Giving nitro-glycerine which is done to widen blood vessels and improve blood flow to the heart.
  • Beta blockers can be given to decrease blood pressure and slow the heartbeat.
  • ACE inhibitors which are given to reduce blood pressure and stress on the heart.
  • Stent surgery which is a procedure that is done to insert a device that opens clogged arteries to the heart.
  • Angioplasty which is done through the use of a flexible catheter that is used to stretch constricted or clogged arteries.
  • Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG) which is also called open heart surgery. During this surgery, a healthy artery will be taken from elsewhere in the body to replace a damaged artery to the heart.

Prevention of heart attacks is usually done through eating a healthy diet and staying active. If you are a smoker, you should quit smoking. Make sure that you reduce your alcohol consumption and have your blood pressure checked to make sure it is not too high.

 
 
 

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