Search by name
logo

Angina

Discomfort or pain in the chest is referred to as “angina” in medical terms. Typically, it occurs when the heart doesn’t receive enough oxygenated blood. The heart starts beating harder and faster to get the blood it needs, resulting in a chest pain. Angina doesn’t fall into any disease category. Instead, it is more of a warning sign indicating you may have heart disease.

The main angina types include:

  • Stable angina (pain, pressure, or squeezing)
  • Microvascular angina (serious chest pain)
  • Unstable angina (pain that comes with shortness of breath)
  • Prinzmetal angina (shooting pain in neck, shoulder, and jaw)

Symptoms

According to the NHANES (South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), about 6% of Africans report having a heart attack, angina, or chest pain yearly. Depending on the type of angina pain, people may experience different symptoms.

  • Chest Pain: This is the most common symptom of angina, and it often feels like a pressure or squeezing sensation in the chest.
  • Difficulty breathing: Some people with angina may experience shortness of breath or difficulty breathing during an episode of chest pain.
  • Pain in Other Parts of the Body: Angina causes pain or discomfort in the arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, back, or stomach.
  • Low Energy: Some people may feel tired during or after an episode of angina.
  • Vomiting or Nauseous feeling: Some people may experience nausea or vomiting during an episode of angina.
  • Sweating: Some people may experience sweating during an episode of angina, which can be a sign that the heart is not receiving enough oxygen.

Causes

When the heart doesn’t receive oxygenated blood, it strains the heart muscle, which results in discomfort and chest pain. Mostly, angina is a symptom of underlying heart disease caused by different factors such as:

  • CAD (Coronary artery disease): the blood vessels carrying blood to the heart muscle become narrow and blocked by a build-up of fatty deposits. It is the leading cause of angina.
  • Stenosis occurs when the blood vessels supplying blood to the heart become blocked and reduce blood flow to the heart muscle.
  • Anaemia is a condition where you don’t have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen to your body’s tissues, including your heart muscle.
  • Hypertension or high blood pressure: High blood pressure can strain the heart and contribute to angina.

Risk Factors

As angina is a widespread condition, it may have a number of risk factors.

  • Age: if you’re above the age of 50, you’re at a higher risk of heart disease
  • Family history: If you have family members with a history of heart disease or angina, your risk increases.
  • Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for angina and other forms of heart disease.
  • High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure can strain the heart and increase a person’s risk of angina.
  • High Cholesterol: High cholesterol levels in the blood can increase the risk of fatty deposits building up in the coronary arteries, leading to angina.
  • Physical inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity can increase a person’s risk of angina and another heart disease.
  • Stress: Chronic stress is another major risk factor that leads to angina.

Diagnosis & Complications

A doctor can diagnose angina by taking a patient’s medical history, conducting a physical exam, and performing some tests, such as:

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) measures the electrical activity of the heart.
  • Stress test by making the person exercise while hooked up to an ECG machine to see how their heart responds to physical activity.
  • Imaging tests such as a coronary angiogram or computed tomography (CT) angiogram visualize the blood vessels in the heart and determine if there are any blockages.

Untreated or poorly managed angina can lead to sudden cardiac arrest, in which your heart may stop beating suddenly. Heart attack is another major complication caused by angina.

Treatment & Prevention

Medication, lifestyle changes, and surgery such as angioplasty or bypass are the ways to treat the underlying condition causing angina.

To control or prevent angina, you may:

  • Quit smoking
  • Eat a healthy diet
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Manage stress

See a doctor if you experience angina, as it can be a sign of a more serious heart problem. The doctor can help determine the cause of angina and provide appropriate treatment.

 
 
 

The content appearing on this site is not intended to treat, diagnose, or provide health care advice. The articles you read here are meant for informational purposes only. Please review additional information to learn more.